Pharmaceutical Purified water system: What is Operational Flow ??
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| Figure: 01 Pharmaceutical purified water |
In the previous article we understood the Fundamental Introduction of Pharmaceutical Purified water system, Here in this article we will get some more on the same topic to understand the Operational flow of the pharmaceutical process water system.
Purified water/Process water is water that has been mechanically filtered or processed to remove impurities and make it suitable for use in pharmaceutical industries.
Water is further purified by other processes including deionization, reverse osmosis, carbon filtering, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, or electro deionization.
Combinations of a number of these processes have come into use to produce Purified water/Process water of such high purity that its trace contaminants are measured in parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt).
WHAT IS SIGNIFICANCE OF EXECUTION OF VARIOUS STAGES FOR WATER PURIFICATION?
Question may be strike in mind why various stages are being used in Purified water generation system in Pharmaceutical industry…? So that it may be answered with the below details;
GRAMICID DOSING;
GRAMICID is a multi-component complex formulation of concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide (48 %) and Silver (500 ppm) in cationic form. GRAMICID dosing is required in the water purification process to perform disinfection of raw water /potable water and Chlorine Dosing. Read in Details....
SAND FILTRATION:
Multi Grade Filter (MGF) is being used for filtration process of water. Objective to perform this operation in the water purification process is to remove of suspended solids and turbidity in the water. This will remove macro level particles. Read in Details....
Water softening is a process of Ion exchange in which the ions of Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) and sometimes iron are removed. Calcium and magnesium are often referred to as 'hardness minerals'.
Hard water has high concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. These ions make it difficult for products with other positively charged ions to dissolve in the water. Hard water is known to clog pipes so in this regard also it is required to soften. Water softening can prevent these negative effects. Water softeners are being used for this purpose. Read in Details....
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Fundamental Introduction of Pharmaceutical Purified water system |
FILTRATION
There are two types of membrane filtration is being used in the pharmaceutical grade purified water.
- Micro filtration is the process of physically removing suspended solid from water, through a membrane. Particle ranges from 0.1 to 10 Micron size can be removed from the water.
- Ultrafiltration (UF) is a water purification process in which water is forced through a
semipermeable membrane. Main objective to use ultrafiltration in water
purification process is to remove the bacteria, viruses , colloidal silica
& fine sand etc.
Read in Details....
ANTI-SCALANT DOSING:
Antiscalants made of polyacrylic acid and are anionic in nature. Sodium hexametaphosphate is being commonly used as Antiscalant. Antiscalants are used for preventing the membranes that caused by the various scalants. Read in Details....
SMBS DOSING:
SMBS dosing is the dosing of a chemical named Sodium metabisulfate, which is used for De- chlorination of feed water. SMBS Dosing is required to remove the presence of chlorine in feed water. This process helps to avoid oxidation of RO membranes which is being used in the next stage of Water purification. Read in Details....
pH DOSING
For maintenance of pH of water, Caustic Soda i.e. NaOH dosing is used in the water purification process. Requirement at this stage is 9 to 10. pH dosing is required because Carbon dioxide content in water is an important parameter As carbon dioxide in gaseous form pass easily the RO membrane & could affect negatively to the next stage of water purification. Read in Details....
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NANO MEMEBRANE FILTRATION (Reverse Osmosis):
The direct meaning of reverse osmosis (RO) is the movement of water through a membrane when pressure is applied on one side of the membrane.
Reverse osmosis is the best-known filtration method and it is widely used in pharmaceutical water systems. Reverse osmosis (RO) is required to perform for the removal of dissolved impurities and separates water from dissolve salt in solution filtering through a semi permeable membrane. Membrane size in the RO may ranges from 0.01μ to 0.0001μ. Read in Details....
ELECTRO DEIONIZATION UNIT (EDI):
EDI stands as polisher unit to obtain as desired quality of treated water. As the name suggests, EDI works on the principle of ion exchange where ion selective membranes operate using the same principle as ion exchange resin. EDI Column is consisting of 02 membranes named as Cathode and Anode, these both membranes are essentially leaves the water free on ions (deionized water). Read in Details....
ULTRAVIOLET FILTRATION:
Ultraviolet filtration is the final step in Pharmaceutical Purified water generation system and the output received is termed as Pure Water. UV light is used to disinfect various algae, molds, viruses and other microorganisms. Read in Details....
Learn more........
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