Environmental contamination by toxic heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, mercury and chromium, due to various anthropogenic activities has become one of the serious problems of worldwide concern Presence of these metals in aqueous streams has been responsible for several health problems associated with animals, plants and human beings.
“Biosorption” an effective method for removal of heavy metal from Aqueous medium
The problem of Lead [Pb(II)] pollution due to use in Pb service
pipes, particularly with soft water was the first recognized metal pollution.
Other sources of Pb(II) pollution are battery industry, auto-exhaust, paints,
etc. Lead poisoning in human causes severe damage to kidney, nervous system,
reproductive system, liver and brain. Severe exposure to lead has been
associated with sterility, abortion, stillbirths and neo-natal deaths.
The permissible limit of lead in waste water as set by Environment
Protection Agency is 0.05 mg/L and that of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS:
10500 of 1992) is 0.1mg/L. Keeping in view the importance of the situation,
specifically toxicity in children, it has diverted the global attention towards
understanding its behavioral pattern in ecosystem and metabolism for adopting
measures for its effective removal from such industrial and municipal waste
effluents.
An research paper was published at AJBPR journal on the topic of “Kinetics & Equilibrium Adsorption Study of Pb(II) Ions On to Pretreated Tridax Procumbens”
Research
Team was Nitish Gupta, Santosh Mitra, Kushal Joshi & Ashish Sharma from Department
of Chemistry, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, 23 Park Road
Indore 452003, Madhya-Pradesh, India.
Conventional methods for heavy metal removal, including ionic
exchange and precipitation, are frequently inefficient and or expensive
when applied for removal of metal ions in low concentrations. New methods with acceptable
costs are necessary to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the
environment to acceptable levels. Biosorption, the passive non
metabolically mediated process of metal ion binding by living or dead biomass
has a great potential to reach these objectives. The discovery and the development
of biosorption is the base of new methods of heavy metal removal from dilute
solutions (1–100 mg/l) [9].
Compared with conventional methods, biosorption has advantages
such as the high purity of treated wastewater and the use of cheap raw material
as biosorbents [10]. These may be waste products from others industries (e.g.
fermentation by-products) or naturally abundant biomass (e.g. tridex
procumbances).
What is Biosorption?
Biosorption is a process that utilizes inexpensive biomass to sequester toxic heavy metals and is particularly useful for the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents.Several recent publications Utilized
different inexpensive and locally abundantly available bioadsorbents like
barley straw, waste tea leaves, peanut hulls, saw dust, neem bark, chitin beads,
thermally treated rice husk ash, waste banana, orange peels, hybrid precursor
prepared by rice hull, cocoa shells, tree fern, coffee residue, rice husk, palm
kernel fibre, olive stone waste, orange peel, grape stalk, coir, tea waste etc.
However, the applications of the native biomass were found to be limited due to
leaching of alginate into the solution and subsequent blocking of the columns
packed with native biomass.
It is known that alginates play a significant role
in heavy metal uptake by algal biomass and the leaching of alginate out of the
biomass may lead to a loss of adsorption capacity of the biomass.
Hence, chemical modify cation of the biomass to increase the
stability of the native biomass materials will significantly facilitate the
application of biosorbent materials for metal recovery.
In the subjected study,
the ability of pretreated Tridax procumbens, for removal of Pb (II) ions
from aqueous solution was investigated using batch biosorption procedure at
room temperature.
Parameters such as pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, contact time,
and adsorbent amount on biosorption capacity were studied. Tridax procumbens
is known for several potential therapeutic activities like antiviral,
antibiotic efficacies; wound healing activity, insecticidal and
anti-inflammatory activity. Some reports from tribal areas that the leaf juice
can be used to cure fresh wounds, to stop bleeding, as a hair tonic.
Abstract:
Use
of low-cost pretreated Tridax procumbens (PTP) has been studied as a sorbent
for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. The main parameters influencing
Pb2+ ion sorption on PTP were: initial metal ion concentration, amount of
adsorbent, contact time, temperature, pH value of solution and initial Pb2+concentration.
The influences of initial Pb(II) ion concentration, pH, contact time,
temperature and adsorbent amount have been investigated.
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